AUTHORS: Shahram Javadi, Farhad Samaie

Download as PDF

ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a methodology for practical techno-economic evaluation of Distributed Generation (DGs) for electric vehicle charging station in smart grid. In this method, the interaction of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in smart grid is considered. An important issue is that high penetration of electric vehicle (EVs) brings heavy electricity demand to the power grid. One effective way is to integrate distributed generation (DGs) into charging infrastructure. In this paper at the first stage, candidate buses for installation of DGs and EV charging station. Then the financial benefit of investors obtained from heat selling of the CHP units (in DGs) is determined through an economic analysis at this stage. Studying the interaction between EVs and DGs in the distribution system, the financial benefit of the distribution company obtained from loss reduction is evaluated through a techno analysis. Finally considering the distribution company and investors as p layers, the best location and capacity of DGs and EV charging station will be achieved for installing in the distribution buses using a Nash equilibrium point in game theory (GT) approach. The applicability of the proposed method is examined on a sample distribution feeder.

KEYWORDS: Techno-Economic evaluation, DG, electric vehicle charging station, smart grid

REFERENCES:

[1] M. H. Moradi and M. Abedini, 'A combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization for optimal DG location and sizing in distribution systems,' International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 66-74, 2012.

[2] T. Griffin, K. Tomsovic, D. Secrest, and A. Law, 'Placement of dispersed generation systems for reduced losses,' in System Sciences, 2000. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 2000, p. 9 pp.: IEEE.

[3] M. H. Moradi, M. Abedini, A Combination of GA and PSO for Optimal DG location and Sizing in Distribution Systems with Fuzzy Optimal Theory, International Journal of Green Energy, 2011.

[4] K. Nara, Y. Hayashi, K. Ikeda, and T. Ashizawa, 'Application of tabu search to optimal placement of distributed generators,' in 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No. 01CH37194), 2001, vol. 2, pp. 918-923: IEEE.

[5] G. Bidini, U. Desideri, S. Saetta, and P. P. Bocchini, 'Internal combustion engine combined heat and power plants: case study of the university of Perugia power plant,' Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 401-412, 1998.

[6] A. C. Caputo, M. Palumbo, and F. Scacchia, 'Perspectives of RDF use in decentralized areas: comparing power and cogeneration solutions,' Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 24, no. 14-15, pp. 2171 -2187, 2004.

[7] R. K. Singh and S. Goswami, 'Optimum allocation of distributed generations based on nodal pricing for profit, loss reduction, and voltage improvement including voltage rise issue,' International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 6 37-644, 2010.

[8] F. A. Viawan, A. Sannino, and J. Daalder, 'Voltage control with on-load tap changers in medium voltage feeders in presence of distributed generation,' Electric power systems research, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 1314-1322, 2007.

[9] S. Repo, H. Laaksonen, P. Jarventausta, O. Huhtala, and M. Mickelsson, 'A case study of a voltage rise problem due to a large amount of distributed generation on a weak distribution network,' in Power Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003, p. 6.

[10] S. Yiqun, H. Zhijian, W. Fushuan, and N. Yixin, 'Wu FF Analysis of market power in oligopolistic electricity market based on game theory,' power systems and communications infrastructures for the future, Beijing, 2002.

[11] L. B. Cunningham, R. Baldick, and M. L. Baughman, 'An empirical study of applied game theory: Transmission constrained Cournot behavior,' IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 166-172, 2002.

[12] F. Samaie and M. H. Moradi, 'Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Allocation and Capacity Determination According to Fuzzy Bus Thermal Coefficient and Nodal Pricing Method using Cooperative Game Theory,' Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 14-24, 2013.

[13] K. Qian, C. Zhou, M. Allan, and Y. Yuan, 'Modeling of load demand due to EV battery charging in distribution systems,' IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 802-810, 2011.

[14] G. Putrus, P. Suwanapingkarl, D. Johnston, E. Bentley, and M. Narayana, 'Impact of electric vehicles on power distribution networks,' in Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2009. VPPC'09. IEEE, 2009, pp . 827-831: IEEE.

[15] G. T. Heydt, 'The impact of electric vehicle deployment on load management straregies,' IEEE transactions on power apparatus and systems, no. 5, pp . 1253-1259, 1983.

[16] M. M. Collins and G. H. Mader, 'The timing of EV recharging and its effect on utilities,' IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 90-97, 1983.

[17] S. Rahman and G. Shrestha, 'An investigation into the impact of electric vehicle load on the electric utility distribution system,' IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 591-597, 1993.

[18] K. J. Dyke, N. Schofield, and M. Barnes, 'The impact of transport electrification on electrical networks,' IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 1 2, pp. 3917- 3926, 2010.

[19] J. Taylor, A. Maitra, M. Alexander, D. Brooks, and M. Duvall, “Evaluation of the impact of plug-in electric vehicle loading on distribution system operations,” in Proc. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting 2009, Calgary, Canada, July 2009.

[20] K. Schneider, C. Gerkensmeyer, M. Kintner-Meyer, and R. Fletcher, 'Impact assessment of plug-in hybrid vehicles on pa cific northwest distribution systems,' in Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-6: IEEE.

[21] ASHREA handbook of fundamental. (2005). t he American society of heating, refrigerating and air–conditioning engineers, inc.

[22] F. A. Viawan, A. Sannino, and J. Daalder, 'Voltage control with on-load tap changers in medium voltage feeders in presence of distributed WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on CIRCUITS and SYSTEMS Shahram Javadi, Farhad Samaie E-ISSN: 2224-266X 194 Volume 17, 2018 generation,' Electric power systems research, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 1314-1322, 2007.

[23] A.Souri. (2008). Game Theory and Economic Applications “, Department of Economic Sience, Tehran, Iran, Nore Elm Entesharat .

[24] M. J. Osborne and A. Rubinstein, A course in game theory. MIT press, 1994.

[25] Sotkiewicz Paul M, Mario Vignolo J. Nodal pricing for distribution networks: efficient pricing for efficiency enhancing DG. 2006; IEEE Trans power Syst ;21:1013–4.

[26] Lund, H., Duic, N., Krajac˘ic, G., and Carvalho, M., 2007b. Two energy system analysis models: a comparison of methodologies and results. Energy, 32 (6), 948–954.

[27] Laura Romero Rodríguez, José Manuel Salmerón Lissén, José Sánchez Ramos, Enrique Ángel Rodríguez Jara, Servando Álvarez Domínguez, “Analysis of the economic feasibility and reduction of a building’s energy consumption and emissions when integrating hybrid solar thermal/PV/ micro-CHP systems”, Applied Energy 165 (2016) 828–838.

[28] Trinkl, C., Zorner, W., and Hanby, V., 2009. Simulation study on a domestic solar/heat pump heating system incorporating latent and stratified thermal storage. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 131 (4), 1–8.